Industrial Mineral Boron

The boron is indicated in the periodic table with B symbol and its atom number is 5 and the atomic weight is 10,81.  The boron element, which has semi-metallic and semi-conductive properties, is contained in group 3A of the periodic table. Boron consists of two stable isotopes, called B10 and B11 in nature. The rate of the B10 isotope to be found in the nature is 19,1-20,3%, and 79%, 80,9% for B11.

The boron element, which is never found free in nature, forms compounds with different properties with various metals or non-metal elements. In this regard, many boron compounds are used in different branches of the industry. In boron compounds, it behaves like non-metal compounds. Pure boron possesses electrical conductivity like carbon. Crystallized boron is similar in appearance and optical properties and almost as hard as diamond. First pure Boron was discovered for the first time in 1808 by French chemist J.L. Gay – Lussac and Baron L.J. Thenard and English Chemist H. Davy.

ATOMIC STRUCTURE

• Atomic Diameter: 1,17Å
• Atomic Volume 4,6cm3/mol
• Crystal Structure Rhombohedral
• Electron Configuration 1s2 2s2 p1
• Ionic Radius: 0,23Å
• Number of Electrons: 5
• Number of Neutrons: 6
• Number of Protons: 5
• Valence Electrons: 2s2 p 1

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

• Electrochemical Equivalent: 0,1344g/amp-hr
• Electronegativity (Pauling): 2.04
• Fusion Heat: 50,2 kJ/mol

IONIZATION POTENTIAL:

• First 8,298
• Second: 25,154
• Third: 37,93
• Valence electron potential (-eV): 190

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

• Atomic Mass 10,811
• Boiling Point: 4.275K – 4.002°C – 7.236°F;
• Thermal Expansion Coefficient: 0,0000083cm/cm/°C (0°C)

CONDUCTIVITY:

• Electrical: 1,0E -12 106/cm
• Thermal:  0,274 W/cmK
• Density: 2,34g/cc @ 300K
• Appearance: Yellow-brown non-metal crystal.

ELASTIC MODULE:

• Bulk: 320/GPa
• Atomization Enthalpy: 573,2 kJ/mol @ 25°C
• Fusion Enthalpy: 22,18 kJ/mol
• Vaporisation Enthalpy: 480 kJ/mol

HARDNESS:

• Mohs: 9,3
• Vickers: 49000 MN m-2
• Boiling Temperature: 489,7kJ/mol
• Melting Point: 2573K 2300°C 4172°F
• Molar Volume: 4,68 cm3/mol
• Physical Condition: (20°C & 1atm): Solid
• Specific Temperature: 1,02J/gK
• Vapour pressure: 0,348Pa@2300°C